Image Processing

Although methods used in computer graphics and Image processing overlap, the two
areas are concerned with fundamentally different operations. In computer
graphics, a computer is used to create a picture. Image processing, on the other
hand. applies techniques to modify or interpret existing pictures, such as pho
tographs and TV scans. Two principal applications of image pressing are (1)
improving picture quality and (2) machine perception of visual information, as
used in robotics.
To apply image processing methods, we first digitize a photograph or other
picture into an image file. Then digital methods can be applied to rearrange picture
parts, to enhance color separations, or to improve the quality of shading. An
example of the application of image processing methods to enhance the quality
of a picture is shown in Fig. 1-70. These techniques are used extensively in commercial
art applications that involve the retouching and rearranging of sections
of photographs and other artwork. Similar methods are used to analyze satellite
photos of the earth and photos of galaxies.


Medical applications also make extensive use of image processing techniques
for picture enhancements, in tomography and in simulations of operations.
Tomography is a technique of X-ray photography that allows cross-sectional
views of physiological systems to be displayed. Both computed X-rav
tomography (CT) and position emission tomography (PET) use Proudhon methods to reconstruct cross sections from digital data.

lmage processing and computer graphics are typically combined in
many applications. Medicine, for example, uses these techniques to model and
study physical functions, to design artificial limbs, and to plan and practice
surgery. The last application is generally referred to as computer-aided surgery.

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